KoreanSum

Verbs · 하다 word

공부하다 conjugation

to study · gongbuhada · sounds like [공부하다]

Short answer: “To study” in Korean is 공부하다 (gongbuhada). Polite present: 공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo); past: 공부했어요 (gongbuhaesseoyo); future: 공부할 거예요. It is a 하다 verb: 하 + 아/어 always becomes 해.

Note: with noun + 하다 verbs, 안 and 못 go before 하다 — 공부 안 해요, not 안 공부해요.

공부하다 in sentences

All forms of 공부하다

Present
Polite (해요) is the everyday safe choice; formal (합니다) is for news, announcements and work; casual (반말) is for close friends and younger people.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite-아/어요공부해요[공부해요]gongbuhaeyo
formal-(스)ㅂ니다공부합니다[공부함니다]gongbuhamnida
casual-아/어공부해[공부해]gongbuhae
plain (written)-(느)ㄴ다공부한다[공부한다]gongbuhanda
formal question-(스)ㅂ니까?공부합니까?[공부함니까]gongbuhamnikka?
is …ing (polite)-고 있어요공부하고 있어요[공부하고 이써요]gongbuhago isseoyo
Past
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite-았/었어요공부했어요[공부해써요]gongbuhaesseoyo
formal-았/었습니다공부했습니다[공부핻씀니다]gongbuhaetseumnida
casual-았/었어공부했어[공부해써]gongbuhaesseo
plain (written)-았/었다공부했다[공부핻따]gongbuhaetda
Future
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite — will-(으)ㄹ 거예요공부할 거예요[공부할 꺼예요]gongbuhal geoyeyo
formal-(으)ㄹ 겁니다공부할 겁니다[공부할 껌니다]gongbuhal geomnida
casual-(으)ㄹ 거야공부할 거야[공부할 꺼야]gongbuhal geoya
formal — I will (intention)-겠습니다공부하겠습니다[공부하겓씀니다]gongbuhagetseumnida
Negative
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
not (short)안 …공부 안 해요[공부 안 해요]gongbu an haeyo
did not안 …았/었어요공부 안 했어요[공부 안 해써요]gongbu an haesseoyo
not (long)-지 않아요공부하지 않아요[공부하지 아나요]gongbuhaji anayo
cannot못 …공부 못 해요[공부 모태요]gongbu mot haeyo
Honorific
Add -(으)시- when the subject is someone you respect (a teacher, a customer, an older person) — not yourself.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
honorific — present-(으)세요공부하세요[공부하세요]gongbuhaseyo
honorific — past-(으)셨어요공부하셨어요[공부하셔써요]gongbuhasyeosseoyo
honorific — formal-(으)십니다공부하십니다[공부하심니다]gongbuhasimnida
Requests
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
please …-(으)세요공부하세요[공부하세요]gongbuhaseyo
please … (for me)-아/어 주세요공부해 주세요[공부해 주세요]gongbuhae juseyo
please don’t …-지 마세요공부하지 마세요[공부하지 마세요]gongbuhaji maseyo
let’s … (formal)-(으)ㅂ시다공부합시다[공부합씨다]gongbuhapsida
let’s … (casual)-자공부하자[공부하자]gongbuhaja
do … ! (casual command)-아/어라공부해라[공부해라]gongbuhaera
Connecting
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
… and-고공부하고[공부하고]gongbuhago
… so / and then-아/어서공부해서[공부해서]gongbuhaeseo
if …-(으)면공부하면[공부하면]gongbuhamyeon
… but-지만공부하지만[공부하지만]gongbuhajiman
because …-(으)니까공부하니까[공부하니까]gongbuhanikka
… and / but (background)-는데공부하는데[공부하는데]gongbuhaneunde
even if …-아/어도공부해도[공부해도]gongbuhaedo
while …-(으)면서공부하면서[공부하면서]gongbuhamyeonseo
in order to …-(으)려고공부하려고[공부하려고]gongbuharyeogo
(go) to …-(으)러공부하러[공부하러]gongbuhareo
before …-기 전에공부하기 전에[공부하기 저네]gongbuhagi jeone
after …-(으)ㄴ 후에공부한 후에[공부한 후에]gongbuhan hue
Describing a noun
These go before a noun: “the food (that) I ate”, “a cold day”.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
(that) … now-는공부하는[공부하는]gongbuhaneun
(that) …ed-(으)ㄴ공부한[공부한]gongbuhan
(that) will …-(으)ㄹ공부할[공부할]gongbuhal
Useful patterns
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
I want to …-고 싶어요공부하고 싶어요[공부하고 시퍼요]gongbuhago sipeoyo
can …-(으)ㄹ 수 있어요공부할 수 있어요[공부할 쑤 이써요]gongbuhal su isseoyo
cannot …-(으)ㄹ 수 없어요공부할 수 없어요[공부할 쑤 업써요]gongbuhal su eopseoyo
have to …-아/어야 해요공부해야 해요[공부해야 해요]gongbuhaeya haeyo
may … / it’s OK to …-아/어도 돼요공부해도 돼요[공부해도 돼요]gongbuhaedo dwaeyo
must not …-(으)면 안 돼요공부하면 안 돼요[공부하면 안 돼요]gongbuhamyeon an dwaeyo
…ing (noun)-기공부하기[공부하기]gongbuhagi

How 공부하다 changes

Every 하다 word works the same way: 하 + 여 becomes 해 → 공부해요, 공부했어요. With other endings 하 stays as it is: 공부합니다, 공부하면.

How every verb type works → · Why it sounds like that →

Questions

How do you say “study” in Korean?

“To study” is 공부하다 (gongbuhada), pronounced [공부하다]. In a sentence: 도서관에서 공부해요. — I study at the library.

What is the past tense of 공부하다?

공부했어요 (gongbuhaesseoyo) is the polite past tense of 공부하다 (“to study”). Formal: 공부했습니다; casual: 공부했어.

How do you say 공부하다 politely?

Everyday polite: 공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo). Formal: 공부합니다. Casual, with close friends: 공부해.

How do you say “I want to study” in Korean?

공부하고 싶어요 (gongbuhago sipeoyo), pronounced [공부하고 시퍼요].

Is 공부하다 irregular?

No. Every 하다 word works the same way: 하 + 여 becomes 해 → 공부해요, 공부했어요. With other endings 하 stays as it is: 공부합니다, 공부하면.

More 하다 words like 공부하다

Look up another word

Forms follow 한글 맞춤법 (Korean spelling rules); pronunciation follows 표준 발음법 and romanization follows 국어의 로마자 표기법 (Revised Romanization). Last updated October 16, 2026. How we check