Adjectives · 러 irregular

푸르다 conjugation

to be blue; green (sky, sea, trees) · pureuda · sounds like [푸르다]

Short answer: “Blue” in Korean is 푸르다 (pureuda), which also means green (sky, sea, trees). Polite present: 푸르러요 (pureureoyo); past: 푸르렀어요 (pureureosseoyo); future: 푸를 거예요. It is a 러 irregular adjective.

Present푸르러요[푸르러요] · pureureoyo
Past푸르렀어요[푸르러써요] · pureureosseoyo
Future푸를 거예요[푸를 꺼예요] · pureul geoyeyo
Negative안 푸르러요[안 푸르러요] · an pureureoyo

푸르다 in sentences

가을 하늘이 푸르러요.The autumn sky is blue.
푸른 산이 아름다워요.The green mountains are beautiful.

All forms of 푸르다

Present
Polite (해요) is the everyday safe choice; formal (합니다) is for news, announcements and work; casual (반말) is for close friends and younger people.
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
polite-아/어요	푸르러요	[푸르러요]	pureureoyo
formal-(스)ㅂ니다	푸릅니다	[푸름니다]	pureumnida
casual-아/어	푸르러	[푸르러]	pureureo
plain (written)-다	푸르다	[푸르다]	pureuda
formal question-(스)ㅂ니까?	푸릅니까?	[푸름니까]	pureumnikka?

Past
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
polite-았/었어요	푸르렀어요	[푸르러써요]	pureureosseoyo
formal-았/었습니다	푸르렀습니다	[푸르럳씀니다]	pureureotseumnida
casual-았/었어	푸르렀어	[푸르러써]	pureureosseo
plain (written)-았/었다	푸르렀다	[푸르럳따]	pureureotda

Future
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
polite — will probably be-(으)ㄹ 거예요	푸를 거예요	[푸를 꺼예요]	pureul geoyeyo
formal-(으)ㄹ 겁니다	푸를 겁니다	[푸를 껌니다]	pureul geomnida
casual-(으)ㄹ 거야	푸를 거야	[푸를 꺼야]	pureul geoya

Negative
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
not (short)안 …	안 푸르러요	[안 푸르러요]	an pureureoyo
did not안 …았/었어요	안 푸르렀어요	[안 푸르러써요]	an pureureosseoyo
not (long)-지 않아요	푸르지 않아요	[푸르지 아나요]	pureuji anayo

Honorific
Add -(으)시- when the subject is someone you respect (a teacher, a customer, an older person) — not yourself.
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
honorific — present-(으)세요	푸르세요	[푸르세요]	pureuseyo
honorific — past-(으)셨어요	푸르셨어요	[푸르셔써요]	pureusyeosseoyo
honorific — formal-(으)십니다	푸르십니다	[푸르심니다]	pureusimnida

Connecting
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
… and-고	푸르고	[푸르고]	pureugo
… so / and then-아/어서	푸르러서	[푸르러서]	pureureoseo
if …-(으)면	푸르면	[푸르면]	pureumyeon
… but-지만	푸르지만	[푸르지만]	pureujiman
because …-(으)니까	푸르니까	[푸르니까]	pureunikka
… and / but (background)-(으)ㄴ데	푸른데	[푸른데]	pureunde
even if …-아/어도	푸르러도	[푸르러도]	pureureodo
while …-(으)면서	푸르면서	[푸르면서]	pureumyeonseo

Describing a noun
These go before a noun: “the food (that) I ate”, “a cold day”.
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
(that is) …-(으)ㄴ	푸른	[푸른]	pureun
(that) will …-(으)ㄹ	푸를	[푸를]	pureul

Useful patterns
Form	Korean	Sounds like	Romanized
can be …-(으)ㄹ 수 있어요	푸를 수 있어요	[푸를 쑤 이써요]	pureul su isseoyo
cannot be …-(으)ㄹ 수 없어요	푸를 수 없어요	[푸를 쑤 업써요]	pureul su eopseoyo
have to be …-아/어야 해요	푸르러야 해요	[푸르러야 해요]	pureureoya haeyo
it’s OK if it’s …-아/어도 돼요	푸르러도 돼요	[푸르러도 돼요]	pureureodo dwaeyo
…ly (adverb)-게	푸르게	[푸르게]	pureuge
becomes …-아/어지다	푸르러져요	[푸르러저요]	pureureojeoyo
…ing (noun)-기	푸르기	[푸르기]	pureugi

How 푸르다 changes

러 irregular: 어 becomes 러 → 푸르러요, 푸르렀어요. Only a handful of words do this (푸르다, 이르다 “to reach”).

How every verb type works → · Why it sounds like that →

Questions

How do you say “blue” in Korean?

“Blue” is 푸르다 (pureuda), pronounced [푸르다]. In a sentence: 가을 하늘이 푸르러요. — The autumn sky is blue.

What is the past tense of 푸르다?

푸르렀어요 (pureureosseoyo) is the polite past tense of 푸르다 (“to be blue”). Formal: 푸르렀습니다; casual: 푸르렀어.

How do you say 푸르다 politely?

Everyday polite: 푸르러요 (pureureoyo). Formal: 푸릅니다. Casual, with close friends: 푸르러.

How do you say “not blue” in Korean?

안 푸르러요 or 푸르지 않아요. Both mean the same; the first is more common in speech.

Is 푸르다 irregular?

Yes — 러 irregular: 어 becomes 러 → 푸르러요, 푸르렀어요. Only a handful of words do this (푸르다, 이르다 “to reach”).

Look up another word

Forms follow 한글 맞춤법 (Korean spelling rules); pronunciation follows 표준 발음법 and romanization follows 국어의 로마자 표기법 (Revised Romanization). Last updated October 16, 2026. How we check