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Adjectives · ㅡ drops

아프다 conjugation

to be sick; to hurt · apeuda · sounds like [아프다]

Short answer: “Sick” in Korean is 아프다 (apeuda), which also means to hurt. Polite present: 아파요 (apayo); past: 아팠어요 (apasseoyo); future: 아플 거예요. It is regular, but its ㅡ drops before 아/어.

Respect form: 편찮으시다 — “to be ill” said about an older person you respect (아프시다 for a body part)

아프다 in sentences

All forms of 아프다

Present
Polite (해요) is the everyday safe choice; formal (합니다) is for news, announcements and work; casual (반말) is for close friends and younger people.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite-아/어요아파요[아파요]apayo
formal-(스)ㅂ니다아픕니다[아픔니다]apeumnida
casual-아/어아파[아파]apa
plain (written)-다아프다[아프다]apeuda
formal question-(스)ㅂ니까?아픕니까?[아픔니까]apeumnikka?
Past
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite-았/었어요아팠어요[아파써요]apasseoyo
formal-았/었습니다아팠습니다[아팓씀니다]apatseumnida
casual-았/었어아팠어[아파써]apasseo
plain (written)-았/었다아팠다[아팓따]apatda
Future
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
polite — will probably be-(으)ㄹ 거예요아플 거예요[아플 꺼예요]apeul geoyeyo
formal-(으)ㄹ 겁니다아플 겁니다[아플 껌니다]apeul geomnida
casual-(으)ㄹ 거야아플 거야[아플 꺼야]apeul geoya
Negative
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
not (short)안 …안 아파요[안 아파요]an apayo
did not안 …았/었어요안 아팠어요[안 아파써요]an apasseoyo
not (long)-지 않아요아프지 않아요[아프지 아나요]apeuji anayo
Honorific
Add -(으)시- when the subject is someone you respect (a teacher, a customer, an older person) — not yourself.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
honorific — present-(으)세요아프세요[아프세요]apeuseyo
honorific — past-(으)셨어요아프셨어요[아프셔써요]apeusyeosseoyo
honorific — formal-(으)십니다아프십니다[아프심니다]apeusimnida
Connecting
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
… and-고아프고[아프고]apeugo
… so / and then-아/어서아파서[아파서]apaseo
if …-(으)면아프면[아프면]apeumyeon
… but-지만아프지만[아프지만]apeujiman
because …-(으)니까아프니까[아프니까]apeunikka
… and / but (background)-(으)ㄴ데아픈데[아픈데]apeunde
even if …-아/어도아파도[아파도]apado
while …-(으)면서아프면서[아프면서]apeumyeonseo
Describing a noun
These go before a noun: “the food (that) I ate”, “a cold day”.
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
(that is) …-(으)ㄴ아픈[아픈]apeun
(that) will …-(으)ㄹ아플[아플]apeul
Useful patterns
FormKoreanSounds likeRomanized
can be …-(으)ㄹ 수 있어요아플 수 있어요[아플 쑤 이써요]apeul su isseoyo
cannot be …-(으)ㄹ 수 없어요아플 수 없어요[아플 쑤 업써요]apeul su eopseoyo
have to be …-아/어야 해요아파야 해요[아파야 해요]apaya haeyo
it’s OK if it’s …-아/어도 돼요아파도 돼요[아파도 돼요]apado dwaeyo
…ly (adverb)-게아프게[아프게]apeuge
becomes …-아/어지다아파져요[아파저요]apajeoyo
…ing (noun)-기아프기[아프기]apeugi

How 아프다 changes

The ㅡ in 아프다 drops before 아/어: 아파요, 아팠어요. The vowel that replaces it follows the syllable before (아 after ㅏ or ㅗ, otherwise 어). With other endings ㅡ stays: 아프면, 아픕니다.

How every verb type works → · Why it sounds like that →

Questions

How do you say “sick” in Korean?

“Sick” is 아프다 (apeuda), pronounced [아프다]. In a sentence: 머리가 아파요. — I have a headache.

What is the past tense of 아프다?

아팠어요 (apasseoyo) is the polite past tense of 아프다 (“to be sick”). Formal: 아팠습니다; casual: 아팠어.

How do you say 아프다 politely?

Everyday polite: 아파요 (apayo). Formal: 아픕니다. Casual, with close friends: 아파.

How do you say “not sick” in Korean?

안 아파요 or 아프지 않아요. Both mean the same; the first is more common in speech.

Is 아프다 irregular?

No. The ㅡ in 아프다 drops before 아/어: 아파요, 아팠어요. The vowel that replaces it follows the syllable before (아 after ㅏ or ㅗ, otherwise 어). With other endings ㅡ stays: 아프면, 아픕니다.

More ㅡ-stem words like 아프다

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Forms follow 한글 맞춤법 (Korean spelling rules); pronunciation follows 표준 발음법 and romanization follows 국어의 로마자 표기법 (Revised Romanization). Last updated October 16, 2026. How we check